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John F. Cryan & Timothy G. Dinan
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, 701-712 (October 2012)
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
It is now generally accepted that a stable gut microbiota is essential for normal gut physiology and contributes to appropriate signalling along the gut–brain axis and, thereby, to the healthy status of the individual, as shown on the left-hand side of the figure. As shown on the right-hand side of the figure, intestinal dysbiosis can adversely influence gut physiology, leading to inappropriate gut–brain axis signalling and associated consequences for CNS functions and resulting in disease states. Conversely, stress at the level of the CNS can affect gut function and lead to perturbations of the microbiota. Figure is modified from Ref. 23.
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